Rana (Sanskrit: ????) is a historical title of Rajput origin, denoting an absolute monarch. Today, it is used as a hereditary name in South Asia.
Rani is the title for the wife of a rana or a female monarch. It also applies to the wife of a raja. Compound titles include rana sahib, ranaji, rana bahadur, and maharana.
Rana" was formerly used as a title of martial sovereignty by Rajput kings in India. Today, members of some Rajput clans in Indian subcontinent use it as a hereditary title. In Pakistan, mostly Muslims—but also some Hindus in Sindh (present-day Pakistan)—use it as a hereditary title. Umerkot, a state in Sindh, had a Hindu Rajput ruler who used the title.
In the 16th century, Rana Prasad, the monarch of Umerkot, gave refuge to the Mughal prince Humayun and his wife, Hamida Banu Begum, who had fled from military defeat at the hands of Sher Shah Suri. Their son Akbar was born in the fort of the Rana of Umerkot.
The head of the Kunwar nobles of Nepal, Jung Bahadur Kunwar, took the title of Rana(ji) and Shree Teen Maharaja after consolidation of his post of Prime Minister of Nepal. This dynasty controlled administration of the Kingdom of Nepal from 1846 until 1951, reducing the Shah monarch to a figurehead and making Prime Minister and other government positions hereditary.
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| Bhim Singh, the Rana of Udaipur | A statue of Rana Pratap Singh, a Sisodia Rajput ruler of the 16th century. | Shree Teen Maharaj Jung Bahadur Kunwar Ranaji at London in 1850 |
